# P3056 [USACO12NOV]笨牛Clumsy Cows

• 434通过
• 888提交
• 题目提供者 FarmerJohn2
• 评测方式 云端评测
• 标签 前缀和 模拟 贪心 USACO 2012
• 难度 普及-
• 时空限制 1000ms / 128MB
• 提示：收藏到任务计划后，可在首页查看。

## 题目描述

Bessie the cow is trying to type a balanced string of parentheses into her new laptop, but she is sufficiently clumsy (due to her large hooves) that she keeps mis-typing characters. Please help her by computing the minimum number of characters in the string that one must reverse (e.g., changing a left parenthesis to a right parenthesis, or vice versa) so that the string would become balanced.

There are several ways to define what it means for a string of parentheses to be "balanced". Perhaps the simplest definition is that there must be the same total number of ('s and )'s, and for any prefix of the string, there must be at least as many ('s as )'s. For example, the following strings are all balanced:

() (()) ()(()())

while these are not:

)( ())( ((())))

给出一个偶数长度的括号序列，问最少修改多少个括号可以使其平衡。

## 输入输出格式

输入格式：

* Line 1: A string of parentheses of even length at most 100,000 characters.

输出格式：

* Line 1: A single integer giving the minimum number of parentheses that must be toggled to convert the string into a balanced string.

## 输入输出样例

输入样例#1： 复制
())(

输出样例#1： 复制
2


## 说明

The last parenthesis must be toggled, and so must one of the two middle right parentheses.

提示
标程仅供做题后或实在无思路时参考。
请自觉、自律地使用该功能并请对自己的学习负责。
如果发现恶意抄袭标程，将按照I类违反进行处理。